{"id":7592,"date":"2020-03-19T15:42:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-19T15:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.intexsoft.com\/?post_type=blog&#038;p=7592"},"modified":"2022-07-19T12:40:51","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T12:40:51","slug":"the-blockchain-explained-cryptocurrencies-exchanges-mining","status":"publish","type":"blog","link":"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/blog\/the-blockchain-explained-cryptocurrencies-exchanges-mining\/","title":{"rendered":"The Blockchain Explained: Cryptocurrencies, Exchanges &#038; Mining"},"content":{"rendered":"<section  class=\"hero hero-blog \">\n\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero__overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero__container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/blog\/\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-blog-btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-blog-date-author\"> March 19, 2020 \u2022 by \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDora\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"hero__title \">The Blockchain Explained: Cryptocurrencies, Exchanges &#038; Mining<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-blog-categories\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-blog-category\" data-id=\"18\" data-parent=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTech Staff\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"hero-blog-image\">\n\t\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/uploads-webp\/2021\/08\/360\u0445510-The-Blockchain-Explained_-Crytocurrencies-Exchanges-Mining-min.jpg.webp\" media=\"(max-width: 480px)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/uploads-webp\/2021\/08\/768\u0445773-The-Blockchain-Explained_-Crytocurrencies-Exchanges-Mining-min.jpg.webp\" media=\"(max-width: 992px)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<source type=\"image\/webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/uploads-webp\/2021\/08\/1920x437-The-Blockchain-Explained_-Crytocurrencies-Exchanges-Mining-min.jpg.webp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/360\u0445510-The-Blockchain-Explained_-Crytocurrencies-Exchanges-Mining-min.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 480px)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<source srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/768\u0445773-The-Blockchain-Explained_-Crytocurrencies-Exchanges-Mining-min.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 992px)\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/1920x437-The-Blockchain-Explained_-Crytocurrencies-Exchanges-Mining-min.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"image\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><section id=\"\"\n\t\t\t\t\t class=\"custom-wysiwyg-editor wysiwyg-portfolio \">\n\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"custom-wysiwyg-editor__anchors\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The conversation around blockchain and databases has been going on for a long time, but not everyone understands what it is and how to work with it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">That&#8217;s why we have decided to explain everything in simple words and sort the key concepts out.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It all starts with a Database<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Let us imagine a database that has only one table. There is nothing in this table except for 5-6 fixed columns. And all we can do in such a database is to insert and to read. No more operations can be performed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Now imagine that every participant in a big game called Bitcoin has a copy of this Database. The software is designed in such a way that all these Databases are synchronized with each other, and, if you insert some data into it, then after a certain time all people with a copy of this Database will get this data. Because of such a system, fraud becomes impossible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">But today we will talk not only about databases but also analyze what cryptocurrencies and exchanges are, take a look at Bitcoin and Ethereum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Blockchain for dummies<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Speaking in simple terms, blockchain is a chain of blocks interlocked with each other. Each block has a neighboring block on each side. This is a kind of round dance, where new blocks can be added, but no one can leave it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7599\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-2-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-2-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The blockchain has an initial block from which it all starts. It is the\u00a0<strong>Genesis Block<\/strong>. As an analogy, we can give a simple list as an example in which always has a beginning or a root. As you go, a new block clings to the initial one and thus a chain begins to form. In order to connect the blocks, the\u00a0<strong>H ()<\/strong>\u00a0function is used.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">How can we link these blocks together and how is blockchain different from a regular list?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The matter is that there are mathematical\u00a0<strong>Hash functions<\/strong>. They are\u00a0<strong>SHA-1, SHA-2,<\/strong> etc. The peculiarity of these functions is that they allow you to transfer some data into them and get a string of characters (bits, as a rule) at the output. But such a function cannot work the other way around. It is simply impossible to get the source data from a string of characters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Hash functions\u00a0have an avalanche effect. Let&#8217;s say we have two sets of input data:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The quick brown fox jumps over\u00a0<b>a<\/b>\u00a0lazy dog<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The quick brown fox jumps over\u00a0<b>A<\/b>\u00a0lazy dog<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7600\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-3.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-3-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/blockchain-3-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">As we can see, there is one slight difference in the input data set. It is the capital letter A. When we examine the output value, we will see two completely different values. An avalanche effect of changing the Hash function occurs, not only the value of 1-2 bits is changed, but also of many others.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">How can we use Hash functions to link all the blocks together?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Suppose we have a data block that contains some information. This can be the information of any nature such as a sentence, numbers, and structures. In addition, there is a field in each block, i.e. hash of the previous block. We have the initial block; it has nothing in this field because it has no previous block. To add a new block to the blockchain, you need to calculate the hash of the block to which we want to attach a new one. Having calculated hash, we enter it into a new block.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7597\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bitcoin-hash.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bitcoin-hash.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bitcoin-hash-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/08\/bitcoin-hash-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">If we change any letter or data in the block, then the hash will change and the value will become different. In addition, when checking the chain, we will see that the values do not match. It will immediately become clear that hash was substituted or something is wrong with it. This is the whole consistency of blockchain data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Evolution of Money<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">It is worth noting that Bitcoin is very fond of blockchain and is based on it. First, let us go a bit deeper into the history of blockchain creation and money evolution. How did it all start?<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">And all it started with a simple\u00a0barter\u00a0when people were exchanging things. But quite often, the exchange could not be done at an equal rate. For example, a cow was exchanged for 1kg of millet. Everything was complicated by the fact that there was no exchange unit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Then came gold, which began to act as an exchange unit. But it was too little gold in the world and not everybody could afford it. This made trading and exchange difficult.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Therefore, new exchange units began to appear such as metal coins. Along with gold, bronze, silver and various alloys appeared. However, the problem of metal money is that it is very heavy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Therefore, paper money started to appear. It is during this period that the turning point comes because, before that, money had a certain value in itself. And paper money is becoming fiat. Forget for a second that a paper bill any kind of a banknote. Then it becomes clear that it costs much less than what it really is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">From this moment begins the revolution in the history of money. The economy is going up, but fiat money is not secured by gold, but only by the state\u2019s debt obligations. The state says that it undertakes to accept this money, and we can get something in return.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The amount of money grew, there became too much of it. Therefore, there was a need to store money somewhere, while keeping the ability to use it any time. So\u00a0plastic cards\u00a0appeared.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8853 size-full\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/blockchain-standards.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/blockchain-standards.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/blockchain-standards-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/blockchain-standards-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Following the plastic cards,\u00a0electronic money\u00a0appeared. Why do we need them? Many different currencies were used in the world and often, especially given the globalization of the market, it was necessary to find a way to conduct trading operations using some common currency. Electronic money was invented to find a way out of this situation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Then came\u00a0cryptocurrency. But why cryptocurrency, if there is electronic money? Cryptocurrency solves one rather important problem, i.e. security. Protection of banknotes is provided with the help of watermarks. In the case of electronic money, the problem of\u00a0double-spending\u00a0is quite serious. If money is presented as some files in the database, then we can copy it. That is, it\u2019s just a collection of bits that we can copy without problems, and it will not be possible to prove the data was copied and existed somewhere else.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">But cryptocurrencies solve this problem with the help of\u00a0blockchain. At the very beginning, we had physical money that could be transferred to another person, but the problem of\u00a0double-spending\u00a0did not arise. Then came electronic money. Here, in order to transfer this money from one person to another without any problems, the help of a third party is required. In this case, it may be banks that solve this problem of trust. Cryptocurrencies remove this intermediary through the blockchain. They provide a decentralized way to solve this problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The cryptocurrency blockchain is a\u00a0distributed database. This means that there is no centralized authority on which everything depends; in this case, it is a bank. If something happens to the bank database, then people will lose all their money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8854 size-full\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/money-evolition.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/money-evolition.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/money-evolition-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/money-evolition-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Here, a blockchain with a distributed database has a great advantage. This is the type of data that we can copy to many computers and force the blockchain to synchronize this database. Thus, all information about our money, its amount, and its owners will be stored not on one computer of a particular person, but on all at once. In addition, since there are hundreds of thousands of them, it becomes much more difficult to lose this information.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bitcoin block<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">A\u00a0bitcoin block\u00a0is just a block with data, a regular structure that stores some values. Most often, this is the height of the block (the block number in the blockchain itself), hash (the unique fingerprint of this block), the time when it was mined, by whom it was mined, and many other fields. This block stores general information and transactions. Transactions are used here precisely in the banking concept. This is the amount of money that came from one account to another account and from one person to another person. In addition, we can see the number of bitcoins that are processed in the block itself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8855 size-full\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-block.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-block.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-block-300x198.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-block-768x506.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">At the time of Bitcoin creation, people tried to avoid creating a large number of blocks. It was important that not all transactions were placed in a single block and there were no multiple blocks for a single transaction. It\u2019s necessary for the blockchain base to be of an acceptable size.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Because of this problem, the\u00a0<b>Difficulty<\/b> parameter appeared, which helped in creating new blocks. Its main task is to control the speed of creating new blocks and make sure that all 2016 blocks are created every 2 weeks (1 block per 10 minutes). How does this happen? A block is created, all transactions are placed in it, and the mining process begins. Only then, this block is sent to the blockchain. The main task is 10 minutes for the mining process and making it possible to create blocks in the network regardless of how many people are mining Bitcoin or how many users are in the network.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bitcoin mining<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">It is a rather simple process. We have a block (with its own hash value, time, etc.) and a number called <strong>NONCE.<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">NONCE is an abbreviation of Number\u00a0<i>used<\/i>\u00a0only once. The NONCE number is a regular counter from 0 to infinity.\u00a0NONCE, together with the hash value of the previous block, is added to the block data, then its HASH is calculated. After that, certain conditions are checked. If the HASH is less than the\u00a0target value, then the block is mined, which means the condition is satisfied and the block goes into the blockchain. If the HASH is greater than the target value, then NONCE is increased, is again added to the block and the header of the previous block again, the HASH is recalculated, verification is done, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">How can we compare HASH and target value, and what\u2019s the point of this? HASH is a set of bits, and bits are a number. That is, HASH is a big number. When we add some kind of counter (NONCE) to HASH, then we change it. And when we check if the HASH is less than a certain number, we cut off a sufficiently large number of HASHes that are not valid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8856 size-full\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-mining.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-mining.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-mining-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Bitcoin-mining-768x508.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">In fact, it is only necessary to simply make the computer work and to make the process of the block creating not so easy. If this process were simpler, each person would be able to create a block. This can lead to problems with double-spending.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Thanks to the speed of computers, without this verification, it would be possible for one person to transfer funds to another and then rewrite the entire history as if they had not transferred anything.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Features of Bitcoin<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><b>Security<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Blockchain is one of the most secure types of information storage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><b>Anonymity<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Addresses are pure hash values, unrelated to any person or organization. So, the blockchain itself ensures the anonymity of users.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><b>Transparency<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">A person cannot rewrite anything. We have a blockchain that is immutable and we can always see what is in it and what has changed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><b>Very low Commission<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;\">That fact is especially important for various banks and organizations. For example, in the history of bitcoin, there is a transaction for $1,122,291,802, while the commission was only $0.50. But why do we need it then? It is necessary to exclude the possibility of transferring money from one address to another and back. This limits the possibility of creating an empty network activity and protects the bitcoin rate from leaps.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">How to get a Bitcoin<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Today it is possible only through mining or currency exchange.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">A cryptocurrency exchange\u00a0is a community of people who are interested in buying and selling cryptocurrency. If a person wants to buy bitcoin, then they will find the one who will sell it at the exchange. Such exchanges exist in order to exchange bitcoins for dollars, euros, etc., i.e for ordinary fiat money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">If one day people decide that milk in the store can be bought with bitcoins, the need for banks will disappear, as they will not be needed. It is not happening, because people value dollars, euros and other currencies more than bitcoin because money can be felt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">If you look at the development trend of money, we will see that now there are more and more disposals of digital assets. One of them is Ripple. Currently, banks use this technology to conduct transactions between themselves. Ripple extends the abstraction of consistent storage and uses Distributed Ledger Technology.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ethereum<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">In addition to Bitcoin, there is another crypto technology\u00a0Ethereum, and its cryptocurrency is\u00a0Ether. However, this system has a significant difference. Until recently, Bitcoin\u2019s main and only sphere of application has been money, namely, saving transactions and transferring funds from one person to another.\u00a0Ethereum\u00a0has other features. It opens up new perspectives for us and is not limited to transferring money. There is the possibility of transferring houses, cars, and other things. It becomes possible to abstract from the transfer and to proceed to a simple commission of some actions (as before, for example, payment). That is, we replace money and its transfer with information and some actions on it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">How can we describe this information and the actions taken with its help? There are programming languages allowing us to do it. Using programming languages we can describe what we are doing, how we are doing it, with what conditions, etc. Ethereum is not about money, but about smart contracts. Simply said, this is a platform for creating smart contracts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Smart Contracts<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">A smart contract, in the first place, is simply an algorithm that runs on the blockchain. This algorithm is performed by all people who have an Ethereum node. These smart contracts are carried out by those who hold the blockchain database and are engaged in mining.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Let\u2019s look at how a smart contract work on a simple example of buying a house. So, we have a buyer and a seller. In order to sell this house, they must contact a bank, a special organization, a lawyer or other third parties. These third parties receive some part of the transaction amount upon sale. Third parties are needed to confirm that the buyer has transferred the money, and the seller transferred the rights to the house. But you can replace the third party by code. In this situation, we state that the code is equal to law. The usual contract that is concluded during the transaction, we can translate into a programming language. If the buyer transferred money to the smart contract, the contract records the transfer of money and automatically transfers the rights to the house to the buyer. And the money received as a result of this transaction, the contract transfers to the seller. No third party is needed here that will confirm all this. Most importantly, the result execution of this smart contract is recorded in the blockchain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Smart contracts are written with special programming language\u00a0<b>Solidity<\/b>. We write a contract and then compile it with the Ethereum compiler. It creates a\u00a0bytecode for EVM. Essentially, all of Ethereum with the blockchain is spinning in the\u00a0Ethereum Virtual Machine. This is the same virtual machine as, for example, GraalVM or JVM for Java, etc. Blocks are stored in it, and EVM bytecode is written to a block. What is written into this block is the\u00a0<strong>Deployed contract<\/strong>. After that, we can access it, call it, since we know it is stored in this block.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-8857 size-full\" src=\"\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/solidity.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/solidity.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/solidity-300x182.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/03\/solidity-768x466.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">But even in the case of a smart contract, there are certain things that need to be considered. Suppose we have a contract that we can create and ask someone to perform it. Accordingly, the contract will not be performed with us. But why not then create an endless cycle that will run forever and the contract will never be fulfilled? A certain condition is needed that does not allow this to be done. We need gas to launch a smart contract.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">So how do we can ask someone to fulfill a smart contract? To do this, you need to create a transaction and transfer a certain amount of Ethereum, which is converted to gas. Each operation performed in bytecode will cost a certain amount of gas. The contract will stop running when the gas runs out. And if we want to fulfill the contract, then we need to give more gas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">ICO vs IPO<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">IPO is pretty a standard thing that has been around for many years. Let&#8217;s imagine that we have a sufficiently developed company and we need a large amount of money for further development. What can we do in such a situation? We can contact the investor and ask him for money. But one investor will not have that much money. It becomes clear that we need to attract resources somehow. So the company contacts banks and offers the exchange and the entire community purchase of shares.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><b>IPO<\/b>\u00a0or\u00a0<b>initial public<\/b>\u00a0<strong>offering<\/strong> is a public offer of company shares for sale. When the investors and organizations purchase the shares, all the money received is transferred to the company&#8217;s account. After receiving the money, the company can invest it in further development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">With cryptocurrencies coming into the picture, such a concept as\u00a0<b>ICO (initial coin offering)<\/b>\u00a0appeared. Here already offer not shares, but coins. And we can describe the transfer of this new money with the help of smart contracts that Ethereum allows us to create. In Ethereum itself, we can create\u00a0tokens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">A token\u00a0is a unit of value and a unit of account most commonly used inICO. This is an internal asset of the project, a kind of analog of the company&#8217;s shares. There is an\u00a0<b>ERC20<\/b>\u00a0standard that defines a set of rules that must be followed in order for a token to be accepted and be able to interact with other tokens on the network. Anyone can create tokens now. On average, $100 will be enough to launch this smart contract in the blockchain. Thus, anyone at home with a laptop is able to implement the ERC20 standard and create their own token in the Ethereum database.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">How is this related to ICO? If we want to attract funds to our company, we can create a token. This requires minimal investment, which is not the case with banks. A Bank will not pay attention to small and medium-sized business, as they are used to working only with large companies. Everything is much easier with coins. After creating coins, we can run ads for the target audience so that people could buy these coins. After that, we will receive funds in Ether, which we will be able to withdraw and receive fiat money through\u00a0crypto exchanges. If the price of the company increases, the price of tokens will also increase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Proof of Work vs Proof of Stake<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Ethereum used to be almost no different from Bitcoin. However, soon it is planned to replace the\u00a0<b>Proof of Work<\/b>\u00a0system with the\u00a0<b>Proof of Stake<\/b>\u00a0system. This will solve one of the most important problems, i.e. time of transaction creation. It used to take minutes. In addition, computing resources are needed, and a lot of funds are required to organize pools. These were the main reasons for switching to Proof Of Stake.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">If\u00a0Proof of Work\u00a0requires a computer to perform many computational operations, for\u00a0Proof of Stake\u00a0it is enough to own a certain amount of cryptocurrency.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The more people enter the network, the more distributed the resources within the network become. Proof Of Stake allows miners to check more transactions when they have more Ether on their accounts. And if somebody has a large number of Ether on the account, then with a greater probability we can trust them, because they did not withdraw Ether and, on the whole, did nothing with them. Due to greater trust in them than in other network participants, we send them more transactions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Another reason for Ethereum switch to\u00a0Proof Of Stake\u00a0is the speed. Using PoS you can significantly speed up the validation of the transaction. It is worth noting that, in addition to PoW and PoS there are many other different validation models.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Conclusion<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">At the moment, blockchain technology is one of the most promising developments in the world. With its help, you can revolutionize and automate a large number of activity areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\">In just a few years, blockchain has already gone from a novelty in the technological world to a tool that large banks, corporations, and governments are beginning to use, which only strengthens the belief that in the future this technology will reveal its potential even more.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"\" class=\"authors \">\n\t\t<div class=\"content\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"authors-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"authors-title\">Written by<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"authors-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"author-photo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Darya.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" 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Today at least a quarter of leading IT companies use container solutions in a big production, and this number is likely to grow further.<\/p> <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/blog\/what-is-webrtc-advantages-technical-hurdles-and-a-case-study\/\" class=\"our-blog__block-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/07\/640x400-What-is-WebRTC_-advantages-technical-hurdles-and-a-case-study-min.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"image\" width=\"446\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t height=\"278\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-content-date\">March 28, 2019<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"our-blog__block-item-content-title\">WebRTC: advantages, technical hurdles, and a case study<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-content-subtitle\"> <p>WebRTC is a browser technology designed to transfer streaming data between browsers or applications using point-to-point transmission technology.<\/p> <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/blog\/selenide-test-automation-using-selenoid-in-the-docker-container\/\" class=\"our-blog__block-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/app\/uploads\/2019\/11\/640x400-SELENIDE-TEST-AUTOMATION-1.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"image\" width=\"446\"\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t height=\"278\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/picture>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-content-date\">August 30, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"our-blog__block-item-content-title\">Selenide Test Automation: Using Selenoid in the Docker Container<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"our-blog__block-item-content-subtitle\"> <p>This article will look into a basic Selenium project. We will describe how Selenium and TestNG connect to the project and see a Page Object example describing page elements and methods. We will look into the framework itself, its main features, and the advantages of usage. Will learn how to add Selenide to a testing project and how to work with elements, assertions, and waits available in Selenide. And finally, we will connect the Selenoid framework to our project to run tests in and outside the Docker container.\r\n<\/p> <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/section>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"template":"","blog_category":[18],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.9 (Yoast SEO v22.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Blockchain Explained: Cryptocurrencies, Exchanges &amp; Mining - IntexSoft<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The conversation around blockchain technology has been going on for a long time, but not everyone understands how to work with it.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/intexsoft.com\/blog\/the-blockchain-explained-cryptocurrencies-exchanges-mining\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Blockchain Explained: Cryptocurrencies, Exchanges &amp; 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